Atropine Sulphate
This drug is naturally extracted from the plant 'nightshade' or Atropa Belladonna, and other plants of the family Solanaceae. Atropine is a metabolite of these highly valuable plants and serves as a drug for its wide variety of effects. Atropine may be used to minimize any effect of organophosphate poisoning through the action of blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which could otherwise be over-stimulated by excessive acetylcholine accumulation.
Atropine used extensively as a treatment for SLUDGE syndrome (salivation, lacrimation, urination, diaphoresis,gastrointestinal motility, emesis) which are symptoms caused by organophosphate poisoning. Also used widely in treatment of DUMBBELSS, (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, excitation, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating.
Atropine is extensively used by troops who are likely to be attacked with chemical weapons. The troops often carry auto injectors with atropine andobidoxime, for rapid injection into the muscles of the thigh. Atropine also serves as a treatment for poisoning by-organo-phosphate insecticides and nerve gases, such as tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD) and VX.
Pam Chloride
Pralidoxime Chloride Injection (auto-injector) facilitates the provision of pralidoxime chloride in a sterile solution for injection in intramuscular region.
Each prefilled auto-injector carries a dose of the antidote, pralidoxime chloride in a self-contained unit, specially designed for automatic self- or assisted administration by army personnel. The contents of the auto-injector as a recommended procedure are injected into the muscles of an outer thigh. When activated, each auto-injector dispenses 600 mg of pralidoxime chloride in 2 mL of a sterile solution containing 20 mg/mL benzyl alcohol, 11.26 mg/mL glycine in Water for Injection, USP.
The drug is very effective in relieving paralysis of the respiratory muscles. Pralidoxime also relieves muscarinic signs and symptoms, salivation, bronchospasm, etc. It is relatively short acting and occasionally repeated doses may be needed, especially in the instance of continuing absorption of the poison. This auto-injector for pralidoxime chloride is specifically indicated for intramuscular use as an adjunct to atropine in the treatment of poisoning by nerve agents.
Personnel equipped with auto-injectors must thoroughly understand indications and use of the drug, including a thorough comprehension of symptoms of poisoning and accurate operation of the auto-injector.